True Guides "Admission Helpline": Structure of Higher Education in India

Structure of Higher Education in India

In the Indian system, higher education includes the education imparted after the 10+2 stage - ten years of primary and secondary education followed by two years of higher secondary education. The first degree, the Bachelor's degrees, is obtained after three years study in the case of liberal arts, and four years in the case of most professional degrees (four and half in case of medicine and five/six years in case of law}. The Master's program is usually of two years duration. The research degrees (M.Phil and Ph.D) take variable time depending upon the individual student

The postgraduate degree programs involve 2 years of study after first degree. These include M.Tech, MD, MS and MDS programs that take 2 years after B.Tech and MBBS/BDS respectively.

The M.Phil. program, is of one and-half year duration. It is a preparatory program for doctoral level studies. PhD program is research study for 2 years and can take several years while D.Sc. and D.Litt. are awarded by some universities after PhD for original contributions.

In addition to the degree programs, a number of diploma and certificate programs are also available in universities. Their range is wide and they cover anything from poetics to computers. Some of them are undergraduate diploma programs and others postgraduate programs. The duration varies from one year to three years.

Universities, deemed universities and institutions of national importance are largely autonomous institutions entitled by law to design, develop and offer programs which they consider relevant and appropriate for the national needs. Colleges and other institutes in turn, are expected to be regulated by the Universities with which they are affiliated or associated. Given the wide reach and variety of institutions and programs of higher education, a number of professional, regulatory bodies and councils have been established to ensure proper development of higher education in the country in a coordinated manner.

Tables below give nomenclature of different programs offered in the Indian Higher Education system, duration of the Programs and eligibility requirements. Most of the Higher Education Institutions in India are expected to follow this pattern, however there could be a few variations. Students are therefore advised to refer to the brochure of the institution concerned or visit Institute's Website for specific details. Subjects have been organized under twenty one (21) disciplines below. Programs not fitting in any of the diciplines would fall under specialized programs under serial no. 22.

1. Arts, Humanities and Social Science:

2. Commerce/ Business Studies/ Accounting/ Finance

3. Natural Sciences

4. Physical Education

5. Fine Arts/ Art Education

6. Performing Arts

7. Engineering & Technology

8. Computer Application/ Information Technology

9. Management/ Business Administration

10. Architecture/ Planning

11. Modern Medicine & Surgery

12. Dental Care

13. Homeopathic Medicine

14. Ayurvedic Medicine

15. Unani Medicine

16. Pharmacy

17. Nursing

18. Physiotherapy

19. Agriculture/ Fisheries/ Veterinary Sciences

20. Law

21. Education

22. Specialized programs

(1) Arts, Humanities and Social Science:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BA	3	10+2
PG	MA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D or D. Phil.	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2+3
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2+3
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.Litt.; BJ; BOL; BPP; BPS; BT;; D.HV.; DOL; M. Ind.; M. Litt; M. Plan; MJ; MOL; Samaj Vidya Parangat; Samaj Vidya Visharad; Alankar; Bhasha Parveena; Granthalaya; Hindi Shiksha Visharad; M.Ch.; Vachaspati

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Structure of Higher Education in India

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